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Related Concept Videos

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...
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When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
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Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
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Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
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Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).

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(1Z)-1-(2,4-Dichloro-phen-yl)ethan-1-one semicarbazone.

Hoong-Kun Fun, Kasthuri Balasubramani, A M Vijesh

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a dichloro-substituted semicarbazone compound. The semicarbazone group exhibits planarity, with specific dihedral angles and stabilizing hydrogen bonds observed in its crystal lattice.

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    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Chemical Physics

    Background:

    • Semicarbazones are a class of organic compounds with diverse applications.
    • Understanding the precise three-dimensional structure of novel compounds is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.
    • Crystal structure analysis provides detailed insights into molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the novel compound C(9)H(9)Cl(2)N(3)O.
    • To determine the planarity of the semicarbazone group and its orientation relative to the benzene ring.
    • To identify and characterize stabilizing intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Least-squares planes were calculated for the semicarbazone moiety and the benzene ring.
    • Analysis of interatomic distances and angles was performed to identify hydrogen bonding.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of C(9)H(9)Cl(2)N(3)O was successfully determined.
    • The semicarbazone group was found to be nearly planar, with a root-mean-square deviation of 0.011(2) Å.
    • A dihedral angle of 38.76(9)° was measured between the semicarbazone plane and the benzene ring plane.
    • N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds were identified as key stabilizing interactions within the crystal lattice.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure analysis provides a detailed geometric description of the title compound.
    • The observed planarity and dihedral angle offer insights into the electronic and steric factors governing the molecule's conformation.
    • The identified hydrogen bonding network highlights the importance of intermolecular forces in stabilizing the crystal packing.