Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis01:07

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an alkylated β-keto acid.
Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis01:14

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes02:36

Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes

Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric acetate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water, forming an organomercury adduct. This is followed by a demercuration step in which the adduct is reduced to an alcohol using sodium borohydride.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Distribution and bioactivities of tirucallane-type triterpenoids from Meliaceae family.

Natural products and bioprospecting·2026
Same author

Medicinal food plants of Sabah (Eastern Malaysia): a source of potential natural products and nutraceuticals for the fight against cancer.

Pharmaceutical biology·2026
Same author

New Endiandric Acid from <i>Beilschmiedia lumutensis</i> and Their Molecular Docking Study as α-amylase and α-glucosidase Inhibitors.

Tropical life sciences research·2026
Same author

Swiemagalins A-C: three new phragmalins from the stem barks of Indonesian <i>Swietenia mahagoni</i> and cytotoxic activities.

Natural product research·2026
Same author

Targeted isolation and identification of isoquinoline alkaloids from Xylopia ferruginea bark with anti Aβ-induced paralysis activity.

Fitoterapia·2025
Same author

<i>In vitro</i> Antiplasmodial and Molecular Docking Studies of Chemical Constituent Isolated from the Bark of <i>Diospyros lanceifolia</i> (Ebenaceae).

Tropical life sciences research·2025
Same journal

Crystal structure of 1-(piperidin-1-yl)butane-1,3-dione.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
Same journal

Crystal structure of methyl 1-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-7-tosyl-3,6,7,11b-tetra-hydro-pyrazolo-[4',3':5,6]pyrano[3,4-c]quinoline-5a(5H)-carboxyl-ate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
Same journal

Crystal structure of 4-amino-1-(4-methyl-benz-yl)pyridinium bromide.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
Same journal

Crystal structure of (Z)-3-benz-yloxy-6-[(2-hy-droxy-anilino)methyl-idene]cyclo-hexa-2,4-dien-1-one.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
Same journal

Crystal structure of bis-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole) perchloric acid monosolvate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
Same journal

Crystal structure of 2-(di-phenyl-phos-phanyl)phenyl 4-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)benzoate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides
08:46

Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides

Published on: July 26, 2018

Methyl 3-acet-oxy-3-dehydroxy-ursolate.

Nor Hayati Abdullah, Khalijah Awang, Noel F Thomas

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study analyzes the molecular structure of a pentacyclic triterpene. Four rings adopt chair conformations, while the fifth ring with a double bond adopts an envelope conformation.

    More Related Videos

    Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate
    06:18

    Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate

    Published on: April 24, 2018

    A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
    14:18

    A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

    Published on: May 27, 2014

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

    Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides
    08:46

    Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides

    Published on: July 26, 2018

    Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate
    06:18

    Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate

    Published on: April 24, 2018

    A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
    14:18

    A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

    Published on: May 27, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Organic Chemistry
    • Structural Chemistry
    • Natural Products

    Background:

    • Pentacyclic triterpenes are complex natural products with diverse biological activities.
    • Understanding their three-dimensional structure is crucial for elucidating their function.
    • Conformational analysis provides insights into molecular shape and reactivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the specific conformations of the six-membered rings within a title pentacyclic triterpene (C33H52O4).
    • To characterize the influence of a carbon-carbon double bond on ring conformation.

    Main Methods:

    • Computational chemistry methods were employed to model the molecule.
    • Analysis of ring puckering and conformational preferences was performed.

    Main Results:

    • Four of the five six-membered rings were found to adopt chair conformations.
    • The fifth six-membered ring, containing a C=C double bond, adopted an approximate envelope conformation.

    Conclusions:

    • The study elucidates the detailed conformational landscape of this specific pentacyclic triterpene.
    • The findings contribute to the structural understanding of triterpenoids and their derivatives.