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Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for the...
Nomenclature of Primary Amines01:17

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine
11:04

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N,N'-(Methyl-enedi-p-phenyl-ene)dibenzamide.

Sohail Saeed, Naghmana Rashid, Rizwan Hussain

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a C(27)H(22)N(2)O(2) compound. Molecules exhibit approximate local twofold symmetry and form chains via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds in the crystal lattice.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Molecular structure analysis
    • Supramolecular chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular arrangements in crystals is crucial for predicting material properties.
    • The title compound, C(27)H(22)N(2)O(2), possesses a unique structure with two chemically equivalent molecular halves.
    • Investigating the interplay between molecular symmetry and crystal packing provides insights into intermolecular forces.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound.
    • To analyze the observed molecular symmetry and its deviation from crystallographic symmetry.
    • To identify and characterize the intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding, within the crystal.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.

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  • Analysis of the crystal structure involved assessing molecular symmetry and identifying hydrogen bonding networks.
  • The root-mean-square (r.m.s.) deviation was calculated to quantify the local symmetry.

    • Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of C(27)H(22)N(2)O(2) was determined.
    • The molecule exhibits approximate local twofold symmetry, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.15 Å between its two halves, despite lacking crystallographic symmetry.
    • Molecules are organized into broad chains parallel to the (10) plane through anti-parallel classical N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, supplemented by weak C-H⋯N/O interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal packing of C(27)H(22)N(2)O(2) is governed by a combination of strong N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weaker C-H⋯N/O interactions.
    • The observed local molecular symmetry, despite the absence of crystallographic symmetry, highlights subtle structural features.
    • The study provides a detailed understanding of the supramolecular assembly of this compound in the solid state.