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Related Concept Videos

Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism01:18

Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism

Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation01:11

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes
09:54

Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes

Published on: September 12, 2018

1-[(4S)-4-Benzyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thia-zol-idin-3-yl]propan-1-one.

Narendar Reddy Gade, Y Manjula, Javed Iqbal

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The absolute configuration of a chiral auxiliary compound was determined to be S. Molecular analysis revealed helical chains formed by C-H⋯O contacts in the crystal structure.

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    Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
    08:43

    Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

    Published on: January 19, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Organic Chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Stereochemistry

    Background:

    • Chiral auxiliary compounds are crucial in asymmetric synthesis.
    • Determining absolute configuration is essential for understanding chemical properties and reactivity.
    • Crystal structure analysis provides insights into intermolecular interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the absolute configuration of the chiral auxiliary compound C(13)H(15)NOS(2).
    • To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of the compound.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the crystal structure.
    • Chemical analysis of the title compound C(13)H(15)NOS(2) was performed.
    • Absolute configuration was determined at the benzyl-bearing ring C atom.

    Main Results:

    • The absolute configuration at the benzyl-bearing ring C atom was determined to be S.
    • The crystal structure analysis revealed that molecules aggregate into helical chains along the b axis.
    • C-H⋯O contacts were identified as the driving force for the formation of helical chains.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully determined the absolute stereochemistry of the chiral auxiliary.
    • The observed helical chain formation in the crystal structure is mediated by specific intermolecular interactions.
    • This finding contributes to the understanding of structure-property relationships in chiral compounds.