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α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction01:15

α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction

The method to achieve α-brominated carboxylic acids using a mixture of phosphorus tribromide and bromine is known as the Hell–Volhard–Zelinski reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by phosphorus tribromide, which can be used directly or produced in situ from red phosphorus and bromine. The mechanism comprises PBr3 catalyzed conversion of acid to acid bromide and hydrogen bromide. The acid bromide enolizes to its enol form in the presence of HBr. The nucleophilic enol attacks the bromine molecule...

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Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores
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2-Bromo-maleic acid.

Andreas Fischer1

  • 1Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized a novel compound, C(4)H(3)BrO(4), revealing unique carboxyl group structures and layered crystal formations through hydrogen bonding. This discovery offers insights into molecular arrangements and chemical bonding.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The synthesis and structural characterization of novel organic compounds are crucial for advancing chemical knowledge.
  • Understanding the relationship between molecular structure and crystal packing is fundamental in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(4)H(3)BrO(4).
  • To investigate the geometric and electronic properties of the molecule's carboxyl groups.
  • To determine the intermolecular interactions governing crystal assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles provided insights into carboxyl group geometry.
  • Identification of hydrogen bonding patterns revealed the mechanism of crystal packing.

Main Results:

  • The title compound, C(4)H(3)BrO(4), was successfully synthesized and its crystal structure determined.
  • The molecule exhibits two geometrically distinct carboxyl groups with differing C-O bond characteristics and orientations relative to the olefinic plane.
  • Symmetry-independent O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds were observed, leading to the formation of layered structures parallel to the bc plane.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized compound C(4)H(3)BrO(4) possesses a unique molecular architecture with differentiated carboxyl groups.
  • The observed hydrogen bonding network dictates the formation of a layered crystal structure.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in organic crystals.