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Related Concept Videos

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Friedel–Crafts Acylation of Benzene01:11

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Friedel–Crafts Acylation of Benzene

The Friedel–Crafts acylation reactions involve the addition of an acyl group to an aromatic ring. These reactions proceed via electrophilic aromatic substitution by employing an acyl chloride and a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminum chloride to form aryl ketone.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism01:13

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism

Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to yield esters via an acid-catalyzed condensation reaction called Fischer esterification. This is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction that proceeds via a tetrahedral intermediate, where a water molecule is eliminated as the leaving group.
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...
Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:28

Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

Amides can undergo either acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or base-promoted hydrolysis through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. Each hydrolysis requires severe conditions.
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
06:46

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

Published on: June 21, 2017

N'-(2-Furylmethyl-ene)acetohydrazide.

Lu-Ping Lv, Tie-Ming Yu, Wen-Bo Yu

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a molecule containing an acetohydrazide and furan ring. The molecule exhibits a trans configuration and forms hydrogen bonds in its crystalline state.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Molecular Structure

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular interactions and conformations is crucial in chemistry.
    • Crystal structure analysis provides detailed insights into intermolecular forces.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of the title molecule (C7H8N2O2).
    • To analyze the planarity of the acetohydrazide group and its orientation relative to the furan ring.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles, and hydrogen bonding patterns.

    Main Results:

    • The acetohydrazide group is planar (within 0.014(2) Å) and forms a dihedral angle of 5.35(8)° with the furan ring.

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  • The molecule adopts a trans configuration around the C=N bond.
  • Intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a chain along the a-axis in the crystal.

    • Conclusions:

    • The study provides a detailed structural characterization of the C7H8N2O2 molecule.
    • The observed hydrogen bonding network dictates the packing in the crystal structure, highlighting the role of intermolecular forces in solid-state organization.