Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is confirmed through isotopic...

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction

The benzylic position describes the position of a carbon atom attached directly to a benzene ring. Benzene by itself does not undergo oxidation. In contrast, the benzylic carbon is quite reactive in the presence of strong oxidizing agents such as KMnO4 or H2CrO4. Therefore, alkylbenzenes are readily oxidized to benzoic acid, irrespective of the type of alkyl groups.

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

DFT insights into the photovoltaic performance of A-π-A non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Progress in mechanochemical synthesis of catalysts for the CO<sub>2</sub> processes: a step towards carbon neutrality.

RSC advances·2026

Same author

Correction: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of quinoline-anthranilic acid hybrids as potent anti-inflammatory drugs.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2025

Same author

Highly efficient lanthanum- and actinium-doped B6/B8 complexes as single-atom catalysts toward superior hydrogen evolution reaction: a DFT perspective.

Journal of molecular modeling·2025

Same author

Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of quinoline-anthranilic acid hybrids as potent anti-inflammatory drugs.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2024

Same author

Synthesis, characterization, and BSA binding studies of newfangled 2-phenylacetohydrazide derivatives.

Heliyon·2024

Same journal

Crystal structure of 1-(piperidin-1-yl)butane-1,3-dione.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of methyl 1-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-7-tosyl-3,6,7,11b-tetra-hydro-pyrazolo-[4',3':5,6]pyrano[3,4-c]quinoline-5a(5H)-carboxyl-ate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of 4-amino-1-(4-methyl-benz-yl)pyridinium bromide.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of (Z)-3-benz-yloxy-6-[(2-hy-droxy-anilino)methyl-idene]cyclo-hexa-2,4-dien-1-one.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of bis-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole) perchloric acid monosolvate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of 2-(di-phenyl-phos-phanyl)phenyl 4-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)benzoate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

3-Methoxy-benzohydrazide.

Rifat Ara Jamal, Uzma Ashiq, Muhammad Nadeem Arshad

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|May 18, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The crystal structure of C(8)H(10)N(2)O(2) was determined, revealing two independent molecules. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds stabilize the crystal lattice through various N-H and C-H interactions.

More Related Videos

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Published on: November 15, 2017

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Published on: November 15, 2017

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Chemical Physics
Solid-state Chemistry

Background:

Understanding molecular interactions is crucial in solid-state chemistry.
Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in crystal lattice stabilization.
The specific compound C(8)H(10)N(2)O(2) was selected for structural investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(8)H(10)N(2)O(2).
To identify and characterize the intermolecular interactions, particularly hydrogen bonds, within the crystal lattice.
To provide a detailed crystallographic analysis of the compound's solid-state arrangement.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the unit cell parameters and atomic positions.
The crystal structure was solved and refined using standard crystallographic software.
Analysis of intermolecular contacts was performed to identify hydrogen bonding networks.

Main Results:

The title compound, C(8)H(10)N(2)O(2), crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit.
A total of nine intermolecular hydrogen bonds were identified, including N-H⋯N, N-H⋯O, and C-H⋯O interactions.
The hydrogen bonding network effectively stabilizes the crystal structure.

Conclusions:

The crystal structure of C(8)H(10)N(2)O(2) has been successfully determined.
The study highlights the significant role of multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the stabilization of the crystal lattice.
This detailed structural information can serve as a basis for further investigations into the compound's properties and reactivity.