Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
Published on: January 19, 2016
N'-(4-Hydr-oxy-3-methoxy-benzyl-idene)acetohydrazide monohydrate
Abstract:
In the title compound, C(10)H(12)N(2)O(3)·H(2)O, the Schiff base mol-ecule is approximately planar [within 0.189 (1) Å]. The inter-planar angle between the benzene and acetohydrazide planes is 8.50 (10)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by strong and weak O-H⋯O and strong N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The hydr-oxy H atom deviates from the 4-hydr-oxy-3-methoxy-phenyl mean plane by 0.319 (2) Å, probably due to the involvement of this H atom in the O-H⋯O hydrogen bond. The weak O-H⋯O hydrogen bond is involved in a bifurcated hydrogen bond with R(1) (2)(4) motif. A weak C-H⋯π inter-action is also present.
Related Concept Videos
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H
Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation
The formation of hydrates is a reversible reaction. Hydrate formation is influenced by steric and electronic factors accompanying the alkyl substituents on the carbonyl group: The rate of hydrate formation increases with a decrease in the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon. Hence,...
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration
Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic acid...

