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Related Concept Videos

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
Amino acids03:42

Amino acids

Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview01:15

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic acid derivatives are formed by replacing the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids with a different functional group. The most common carboxylic acid derivatives are:
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Nomenclature of Primary Amines01:17

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.

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Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
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Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

4-(Methyl-amino)benzoic acid.

Ismail Celik, Mehmet Akkurt, Hacali Necefoğlu

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of C(8)H(9)NO(2), revealing three independent, nearly planar molecules. These molecules form hydrogen-bonded networks, creating specific ring structures and reinforcing crystal packing through various interactions.

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    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
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    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

    Published on: November 23, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Chemical Physics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular structure and intermolecular forces is crucial for predicting material properties.
    • Crystal packing influences macroscopic characteristics, including solubility and reactivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(8)H(9)NO(2).
    • To analyze the intermolecular interactions governing the crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
    • Analysis of atomic coordinates and bond lengths/angles provided geometric information.
    • Hydrogen bonding and non-covalent interactions were identified and characterized.

    Main Results:

    • The asymmetric unit contains three crystallographically independent, essentially planar molecules of C(8)H(9)NO(2).
    • Carboxyl oxygen atoms showed minimal deviation from the molecular plane.
    • All molecules participate in O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds around inversion centers, forming R(2)(2)(8) eight-membered rings.
    • N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π interactions were also observed, contributing to crystal stabilization.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(8)H(9)NO(2) is characterized by multiple independent molecules and extensive hydrogen bonding.
    • The identified hydrogen-bonding motifs and other non-covalent interactions play a significant role in stabilizing the crystal lattice.