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Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria01:07

Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria

Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
09:12

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

Poly[[bis-(μ(2)-6-methyl-pyrazin-2-carboxyl-ato-κN,O:N)copper(II)] dihydrate].

Chuan-Gang Fan, Xin-Ting Wei, Linwei Li

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reveals a novel two-dimensional polymeric network of copper(II) coordination compounds. The structure features a distorted octahedral geometry and is stabilized by hydrogen bonds, highlighting intricate crystal packing.

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    Published on: October 15, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Inorganic Chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Coordination chemistry explores metal-ligand interactions to create novel materials.
    • Polymeric coordination networks offer unique structural and functional properties.
    • Copper(II) complexes are widely studied for their diverse coordination geometries and applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize and characterize a novel copper(II) coordination polymer.
    • To elucidate the crystal structure and bonding characteristics of the compound.
    • To investigate the supramolecular assembly and hydrogen bonding interactions.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Elemental analysis confirmed the stoichiometry of the synthesized compound.
    • Infrared spectroscopy was used to identify key functional groups and coordination modes.

    Main Results:

    • The title compound, {[Cu(C(6)H(5)N(2)O(2))(2)]·2H(2)O}(n), features a Cu(II) ion in a distorted CuO(2)N(4) octahedral geometry.
    • A two-dimensional polymeric network was formed through bridging N,O-bidentate ligands, extending parallel to the ab plane.
    • Crystal packing is further stabilized by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, with disorder observed in one oxygen atom and water molecules.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully synthesized and characterized a novel 2D copper(II) coordination polymer.
    • The intricate crystal structure reveals a distorted octahedral coordination environment around the Cu(II) ion.
    • Hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in the stabilization of the observed polymeric network.