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Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
Halogens03:01

Halogens

Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.
Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...

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Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
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Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Published on: June 23, 2019

N'-[(E)-1-(3-Fluoro-phen-yl)ethyl-idene]formohydrazide.

Zahid Shafiq, Muhammad Yaqub, M Nawaz Tahir

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The study describes the molecular structure of a fluorinated organic compound. Molecules form dimers through hydrogen bonds, revealing specific intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure.

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    Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid
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    Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

    Published on: November 15, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Supramolecular Chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.
    • Intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonds, play a significant role in the self-assembly of molecules in the solid state.
    • Fluorinated organic compounds exhibit unique electronic properties due to the high electronegativity of fluorine.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(9)H(9)FN(2)O.
    • To analyze the dihedral angle between the fluoro-benzene ring and the side chain.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions and hydrogen bonding patterns in the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of the crystal structure involved identifying hydrogen bond donors and acceptors.
    • Geometric parameters, including dihedral angles and hydrogen bond distances, were calculated.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of C(9)H(9)FN(2)O was determined.
    • A dihedral angle of 15.59(14)° was observed between the fluoro-benzene ring and the mean plane of the side chain.
    • Molecules form inversion dimers through N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, creating R(2)(2)(8) loops, further stabilized by C-H⋯O interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides detailed structural information on a fluorinated organic compound.
    • The observed hydrogen bonding network highlights the role of intermolecular forces in crystal packing.
    • The findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in fluorinated molecules.