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Related Concept Videos

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...
Benzene to Phenol via Cumene: Hock Process01:27

Benzene to Phenol via Cumene: Hock Process

The synthesis of phenol from benzene via cumene and cumene hydroperoxide is called the Hock process. First, a Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of benzene with propene gives cumene. Then cumene forms cumene hydroperoxide via a radical chain reaction. In the chain initiation step, the benzylic hydrogen is abstracted to give a benzylic radical. In the chain propagation step, the benzylic radical reacts with an oxygen diradical to form a cumene hydroperoxide radical. The cumene hydroperoxide...
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...

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Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
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4-[1-Acetyl-3-(4-methoxy-phen-yl)-2-pyrazolin-5-yl]phenol.

Xue Bai1, Hua-Feng Chen, Kuan Zhang

  • 1College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a novel organic compound, C(18)H(18)N(2)O(3). The research highlights specific molecular arrangements, including hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking, influencing its solid-state properties.

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Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding the solid-state structure of organic compounds is crucial for predicting their physical and chemical properties.
  • Molecular interactions like hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking significantly influence crystal packing and material characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(18)H(18)N(2)O(3).
  • To analyze the intermolecular interactions governing the compound's self-assembly in the solid state.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional molecular structure.
  • Analysis of the crystal structure focused on identifying and quantifying hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking interactions.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of C(18)H(18)N(2)O(3) was successfully determined.
  • A significant dihedral angle of 71.75(4)° was observed between the compound's benzene rings.
  • Centrosymmetric dimers were formed via intermolecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
  • Pi-pi stacking interactions with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.5511(6) Å were identified.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure reveals specific molecular conformations and packing arrangements.
  • Intermolecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking interactions are key factors in the dimerization and overall crystal architecture of C(18)H(18)N(2)O(3).
  • These findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in organic crystalline materials.