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Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism01:18

Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism

Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
Structure of Conjugated Dienes01:16

Structure of Conjugated Dienes

Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
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[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.

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(E)-3-(2,6-Dichloro-benzyl-idene)indolin-2-one.

Hongming Zhang1, Haribabu Ankati, Ed Biehl

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals two independent molecules in the crystal structure of C(15)H(9)Cl(2)NO. These molecules form dimers through hydrogen bonds, exhibiting similar dihedral angles between their aromatic rings.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Molecular Structure

Background:

  • The title compound, C(15)H(9)Cl(2)NO, is an organic molecule with potential applications in materials science.
  • Understanding the solid-state structure is crucial for predicting its physical and chemical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of C(15)H(9)Cl(2)NO.
  • To analyze the molecular arrangement and intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure.
  • Crystallographic data was collected and refined to obtain precise atomic coordinates.

Main Results:

  • Two independent molecules of C(15)H(9)Cl(2)NO were identified in the asymmetric unit.
  • The dihedral angles between the oxindolyl and dichloro-phenyl rings were found to be similar (63.4(1)° and 63.2(1)°).
  • Amide-carbonyl N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds facilitate the formation of centrosymmetric dimers from independent molecules.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure of C(15)H(9)Cl(2)NO is characterized by the presence of two independent molecules.
  • Intermolecular hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in organizing the molecular packing.
  • The observed structural features provide insights into the compound's solid-state behavior.