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Related Concept Videos

Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation01:11

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene01:15

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene

Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
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Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

Published on: July 17, 2020

3-(2-Amino-1,3-thia-zol-4-yl)-6-bromo-2H-chromen-2-one.

Deepak Chopra, A R Choudhury, K N Venugopala

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a C12H7BrN2O2S compound, revealing its nearly planar molecular geometry. The research highlights the crucial role of various hydrogen bonds and pi-pi interactions in stabilizing the crystal lattice.

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    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Understanding the molecular structure and intermolecular interactions is key to designing novel materials.
    • Coumarin and thiazole derivatives are known for their diverse biological and photophysical properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound (C12H7BrN2O2S).
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking, that govern crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles, and non-covalent interactions was performed.

    Main Results:

    • The molecule exhibits a nearly planar structure with a dihedral angle of 12.9° between the coumarin and thiazole rings.
    • Strong N-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, along with weak C-H⋯O interactions, link molecules in the crystal.
    • π-π stacking and C-H⋯π interactions further stabilize the crystal lattice.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure is stabilized by a combination of strong hydrogen bonds and weaker non-covalent interactions.
    • The planar nature and specific intermolecular interactions suggest potential applications in materials science.