Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene01:15

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene

Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...
Experimental Determination of Chemical Formula02:37

Experimental Determination of Chemical Formula

The elemental makeup of a compound defines its chemical identity, and chemical formulas are the most concise way of representing this elemental makeup. When a compound’s formula is unknown, measuring the mass of its constituent elements is often the first step in determining the formula experimentally.
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation01:11

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

(2-Amino-cyclo-hexanol-κ<sup>2</sup> <i>N</i>,<i>O</i>)chlorido(η<sup>6</sup>-<i>p</i>-cy-mene)ru-thenium(II) tetra-fluoro-borate (2-amino-cyclo-hexanolato-κ<sup>2</sup> <i>N</i>,<i>O</i>)chlorido(η<sup>6</sup>-<i>p</i>-cymene)ru-thenium(II).

IUCrData·2026
Same author

Structurally Resolved Water-Soluble Copper Nanoclusters with NIR TADF Exhibiting Multifunctional Catalytic Activity.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Establishing biochemical thresholds for serum metabolites to predict single or multiple production diseases in crossbred transition dairy cows under tropical climatic conditions.

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)·2026
Same author

Development of serum metabolite thresholds for early prediction of single or multiple production diseases in Sahiwal transition cows under tropical conditions.

Tropical animal health and production·2026
Same author

Tail-raising and head-turning as predictive behavioural indicators of calving in Murrah buffaloes.

Tropical animal health and production·2026
Same author

Conformational Stability through B···O Triel Bonding: A Computational Investigation of Dioxaborolane-Oxoacetates Derivatives.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
07:12

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

Published on: July 17, 2020

3-(2-Amino-1,3-thia-zol-4-yl)-6-chloro-2H-chromen-2-one.

Deepak Chopra, A R Choudhury, K N Venugopala

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a novel compound, C(12)H(7)ClN(2)O(2)S. The research highlights molecular planarity and intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking, crucial for crystal stability.

    More Related Videos

    Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
    06:34

    Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

    Published on: June 20, 2014

    Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
    11:45

    Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

    Published on: August 22, 2018

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

    Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
    07:12

    Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

    Published on: July 17, 2020

    Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
    06:34

    Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

    Published on: June 20, 2014

    Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
    11:45

    Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

    Published on: August 22, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Chemical Crystallography
    • Solid-State Chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding the solid-state structure of organic compounds is essential for predicting their physical and chemical properties.
    • Intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking, play a critical role in determining crystal packing and stability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(12)H(7)ClN(2)O(2)S.
    • To analyze the molecular conformation and identify the intermolecular forces governing crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
    • Analysis of the crystal structure involved examining molecular geometry and intermolecular contacts.

    Main Results:

    • The title compound, C(12)H(7)ClN(2)O(2)S, crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit.
    • Both molecules exhibit a roughly planar conformation, with maximum deviations from their mean planes of 0.177(3) and 0.076(4) Å.
    • The crystal structure is stabilized by strong N-H⋯N and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, as well as aromatic π-π stacking interactions (centroid-centroid distances: 3.650(3)-3.960(3) Å).

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(12)H(7)ClN(2)O(2)S has been successfully determined.
    • The planar molecular conformation and the identified intermolecular interactions are key factors contributing to the stability of the crystal lattice.