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Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
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Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...
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In 1865, August Kekule suggested the structure of benzene according to the structural theory of organic chemistry based on the three assertions—formula of benzene is C6H6, all the hydrogens of benzene are equivalent, and each carbon must have four bonds due to its tetravalency.
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Nomenclature of Alkynes02:39

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Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon triple bonds and have a general formula CnH2n-2. The nomenclature of alkynes follows a set of rules similar to alkanes and alkenes; however, alkynes bear the suffix "-yne" instead of "-ane" or "-ene." There are two approaches to naming alkynes:

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Benzene-1,3,5-triyl triacetate.

Alan H Haines1, David L Hughes

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, England.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of C(12)H(12)O(6), revealing a propeller-like arrangement of acetoxy groups. Molecular interactions primarily involve C-H⋯π-ring and C-H⋯O contacts, influencing crystal packing.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Molecular Structure

Background:

  • Understanding molecular arrangements is crucial in organic chemistry.
  • Crystal structure analysis provides insights into intermolecular forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound C(12)H(12)O(6).
  • To analyze the arrangement of acetoxy groups and identify intermolecular interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of bond lengths, angles, and non-covalent interactions was performed.

Main Results:

  • The asymmetric unit contains two identical molecules related by a pseudo-inversion center.
  • Acetoxy groups exhibit a propeller-like tilt relative to the central C(6) ring.
  • Key intermolecular interactions include C-H⋯π-ring and C-H⋯O contacts.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a detailed structural characterization of C(12)H(12)O(6).
  • The observed molecular conformation and intermolecular contacts dictate the packing in the crystal lattice.