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Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.

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Related Experiment Video

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Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal&#8211;Organic Complex Array
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Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal–Organic Complex Array

Published on: October 8, 2016

Dianilinedichloridozinc(II).

Islam Ullah Khan, Ejaz, Onur Sahin

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a new zinc compound, [ZnCl(2)(C(6)H(7)N)(2)]. Molecules form sheets through hydrogen bonds, revealing a tetrahedral coordination geometry around the zinc ion.

    Area of Science:

    • Coordination Chemistry
    • Crystal Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Understanding the coordination chemistry of metal ions like zinc is crucial for developing new materials.
    • The self-assembly of molecular structures via hydrogen bonding influences bulk properties.
    • Previous studies have explored various zinc halide complexes with organic ligands.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize and characterize a novel zinc(II) coordination compound.
    • To investigate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of [ZnCl(2)(C(6)H(7)N)(2)].
    • To elucidate the role of hydrogen bonding in the formation of extended structures.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the molecular and crystal structure.

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    Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase
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    Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

    Published on: March 19, 2020

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    Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal&#8211;Organic Complex Array
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    Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
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    Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

    Published on: March 19, 2020

  • Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the organic ligand and hydrogen bonding.
  • Elemental analysis verified the compound's composition.

    • Main Results:

    • The title compound, [ZnCl(2)(C(6)H(7)N)(2)], was successfully synthesized and characterized.
    • The zinc(II) ion exhibits a tetrahedral coordination geometry, bonded to two nitrogen atoms from the organic ligand and two chloride ions (ZnN(2)Cl(2)).
    • Intermolecular N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds link the molecules into (100) sheets with R(2)(2)(8) loop motifs.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of [ZnCl(2)(C(6)H(7)N)(2)] reveals a discrete tetrahedral zinc(II) complex.
    • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in the supramolecular assembly, leading to the formation of 2D layered structures.
    • This work contributes to the understanding of structure-property relationships in zinc coordination compounds.