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Related Concept Videos

Composition of Polyprotic Acid Solutions as a Function of pH01:19

Composition of Polyprotic Acid Solutions as a Function of pH

Polyprotic acids of the type H2M constitute two ionizable protons. As a result, on titration with a base, they exhibit two equivalence points in the titration curve. During titration, the species H2M, HM−, and M2− will be present in the solution at different points. The fractions of H2M, HM−, and M2− present at the various instances of the titration are denoted by α0, α1, and α2, respectively.
A graph with the alpha values is plotted against the volume of base added during titration. Here, a...
Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid01:18

Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid

The titration of a polyprotic base such as sodium carbonate with a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid results in two equivalence points on the titration curve. At the first equivalence point, the carbonate ions in the base are completely converted to bicarbonate ions. The second equivalence point corresponds to the complete conversion of bicarbonate ions to carbonic acid, which dissociates into carbon dioxide and water. The region before the first equivalence point corresponds to the...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement01:57

Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement

Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
09:02

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

Published on: July 9, 2015

Poly[μ-2,3-dihydroxy-propan-1-olato-sodium].

Gabriele Schatte, Jianheng Shen, Martin Reaney

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reveals the crystal structure of sodium glycerolate, detailing how sodium ions and glycerolate ligands form polymeric sheets through coordination bonds and hydrogen bonding. This structure is key to understanding its material properties.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

    Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
    09:02

    Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

    Published on: July 9, 2015

    Area of Science:

    • Inorganic Chemistry
    • Crystal Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Sodium glycerolate (Na[H(2)gl]) is a coordination compound with potential applications in materials science.
    • Understanding its crystal structure is crucial for predicting and controlling its properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the detailed crystal structure of sodium glycerolate.
    • To identify the coordination environment of sodium cations and the role of glycerolate ligands.
    • To understand the intermolecular interactions driving the formation of the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of coordination geometry and hydrogen bonding networks.

    Main Results:

    • The sodium cation (Na(+)) exhibits a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination geometry, bound by five oxygen atoms.
    • The glycerolate anion (H(2)gl(-)) acts as a ligand, forming a non-planar five-membered chelate ring.
    • Each glycerolate ligand bridges four sodium ions, and strong O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the ligands.
    • These interactions result in the formation of extended polymeric sheets propagating along the b and c axes.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of sodium glycerolate is characterized by a 3D network of polymeric sheets.
    • The coordination of Na(+) by glycerolate and extensive hydrogen bonding are critical for stabilizing the structure.
    • The findings provide fundamental insights into the self-assembly of metal-organic compounds.