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Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...

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Related Experiment Video

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Recording Gamma Band Oscillations in Pedunculopontine Nucleus Neurons
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Recording Gamma Band Oscillations in Pedunculopontine Nucleus Neurons

Published on: September 14, 2016

Poly[(μ(5)-2-methyl-3,5-dinitro-benzoato)sodium].

Muhammad Danish, Iram Saleem, Nazir Ahmad

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a sodium coordination polymer, [Na(C(8)H(5)N(2)O(6))](n). The sodium ion exhibits irregular seven-coordination, forming a layered network structure.

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    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

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    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

    Published on: July 30, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Crystal engineering
    • Coordination chemistry
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Coordination polymers offer tunable properties based on metal-ligand interactions.
    • Understanding metal ion coordination environments is crucial for designing novel materials.
    • Sodium-based coordination polymers are less explored but hold potential for various applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure and coordination behavior of a novel sodium coordination polymer.
    • To investigate the bonding modes of the sodium ion within the coordination polymer.
    • To characterize the resulting network architecture.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the crystal structure.
    • Coordination geometry and bonding interactions were analyzed.
    • Network topology was investigated.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of [Na(C(8)H(5)N(2)O(6))](n) was determined.
    • The sodium ion (Na(I)) is coordinated to seven oxygen atoms from five nearby anions.
    • Bonding involves monodentate and bidentate carboxylate groups, and a bidentate nitro group, leading to an irregular NaO(7) coordination.
    • A layered network structure propagating in the (100) direction was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully characterized a novel sodium coordination polymer with a unique coordination environment.
    • The observed irregular NaO(7) geometry and layered structure provide insights into the assembly of sodium-based coordination networks.
    • This work contributes to the understanding of sodium coordination chemistry and the design of functional materials.