Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers02:28

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent groups, ethers can be classified into two...
Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides02:38

Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides

Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon atoms present in their ring system. Cyclic ethers with a three-membered ring system are called “oxirane”, four-membered ring systems as “oxetane”, five-membered ring systems as “oxolane”, and six-membered ring systems as “oxane”. The cyclic structure of these rings imposes angle strain, and this strain is more in the ring having a smaller number of...
Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules take.
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Physical Properties of Ethers02:17

Physical Properties of Ethers

Overview
An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of alcohols of comparable molecular weight and slightly higher than those of hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight (Table 1).
Ethers can act as hydrogen bond acceptors, making them more water-soluble than hydrocarbons, but since ethers cannot act as hydrogen bond donors, they are much less soluble in water than alcohols. Ethers are considered...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Solvent effect, DFT and NLO studies of A-π-D-π-A and A-π-D-π-D push-pull chromophore of 1,2-diazepin-4-ol based derivatives with optical limiting application.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2024
Same author

Enhanced NLO response and switching self-focussing in benzodiazepine derivative with -NO<sub>2</sub> and -Br substitution.

Heliyon·2023
Same author

Quantum chemical calculation, performance of selective antimicrobial activity using molecular docking analysis, RDG and experimental (FT-IR, FT-Raman) investigation of 4-[{2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-propan-2-yl) phenyl)-4, 5-dihydro- 1H- pyrazol-1-yl]-4-oxo-1, 3- thiazol-5(4H)-ylidene} methyl] benzonitrile.

Heliyon·2021
Same author

Understanding reactivity of a triazole derivative and its interaction with graphene and doped/undoped-coronene-a DFT study.

Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics·2020
Same author

Experimental database on water equivalent factor (WEQ<sub>p</sub>) and organically bound tritium activity for tropical monsoonal climate region of South West Coast of India.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2020
Same author

Molecular structure interpretation, spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman), electronic solvation (UV-Vis, HOMO-LUMO and NLO) properties and biological evaluation of (2E)-3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-1-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one: Experimental and computational modeling approach.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
10:16

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

1-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)ethanone.

Jerry P Jasinski, Ray J Butcher, Q N M Hakim Al-Arique

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the molecular structure of C(9)H(8)O(3), revealing a slight twist between its benzene and dioxole rings. Crystal analysis shows molecules forming chains via hydrogen bonds and weak pi-pi interactions between benzene rings.

    More Related Videos

    Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
    06:46

    Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

    Published on: June 21, 2017

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

    Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
    10:16

    Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

    Published on: January 8, 2016

    Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
    06:46

    Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

    Published on: June 21, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Molecular Structure

    Background:

    • Understanding the precise three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in organic molecules is crucial for predicting their chemical behavior and physical properties.
    • The specific compound C(9)H(8)O(3) presents an interesting case for structural analysis due to the presence of both aromatic and heterocyclic ring systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the detailed molecular geometry of C(9)H(8)O(3) in the solid state.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking, that govern the crystal packing of this compound.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the atomic coordinates and bond parameters.
    • Analysis of the crystal structure included the measurement of dihedral angles, ring conformations, and intermolecular contact distances.

    Main Results:

    • The dihedral angle between the benzene and dioxole rings was found to be 1.4(8)°, indicating a nearly planar arrangement.
    • The dioxole ring adopts a slightly distorted envelope conformation.
    • Intermolecular interactions include weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming chains and weak π-π interactions between adjacent benzene rings with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.801(9) Å.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(9)H(8)O(3) is stabilized by a combination of hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions.
    • The observed molecular and crystal structure provides a foundation for further studies on the reactivity and potential applications of this compound.