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Summary
New azole antifungals like itraconazole and fluconazole show promise for treating systemic fungal infections. Fluconazole
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Pharmacology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Azoles are key oral antifungal agents for systemic mycoses.
- Ketoconazole use is limited by side effects and spectrum.
- Itraconazole and fluconazole are advanced experimental triazoles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical status and properties of azole antifungals.
- To compare ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole.
- To discuss emerging antifungal agents and market trends.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of azole antifungals.
- Comparison of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.
- Analysis of clinical trial data and market sales.
Main Results:
- Itraconazole offers improved tolerability and broader activity than ketoconazole.
- Fluconazole exhibits favorable pharmacokinetics, including high CSF levels.
- Other agents like ambruticin and amphotericin B methyl ester are noted.
Conclusions:
- Fluconazole is a promising agent for meningeal mycoses due to its properties.
- The role of new triazoles in immunocompromised patients (including AIDS) requires further study.
- Sales data indicate a growing prevalence of systemic fungal diseases.