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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

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X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects
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Scheelite-type NaDy(WO(4))(2).

Dan Zhao, Feifei Li, Wendan Cheng

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Sodium dysprosium(III) bis-tungstate(VI), NaDy(WO4)2, was synthesized using high-temperature solution growth. This compound crystallizes in the scheelite structure, featuring isolated tungstate tetrahedra and distorted dodecahedra.

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    Area of Science:

    • Solid-state chemistry
    • Materials science
    • Crystallography

    Background:

    • Tungstate compounds are of interest for their diverse structural and physical properties.
    • Understanding the synthesis and structure of mixed alkali-lanthanide tungstates is crucial for developing new materials.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize and characterize the novel compound sodium dysprosium(III) bis-tungstate(VI), NaDy(WO4)2.
    • To determine its crystal structure and atomic arrangement.

    Main Methods:

    • High-temperature solution growth (HTSG) in air.
    • X-ray diffraction analysis to determine crystal structure.
    • Bond length and coordination geometry analysis.

    Main Results:

    • NaDy(WO4)2 was successfully synthesized under HTSG conditions.
    • The compound crystallizes with the well-known scheelite structure.
    • Structural analysis revealed isolated WO4 tetrahedra and distorted (Na/Dy)O8 dodecahedra with a 1:1 Na:Dy occupancy ratio.

    Conclusions:

    • The synthesis of NaDy(WO4)2 provides a new material within the scheelite family.
    • The structural characterization confirms the presence of distinct tungstate and mixed cation coordination polyhedra.
    • This work contributes to the understanding of structure-property relationships in complex tungstate materials.