Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026
19:58
Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
catena-Poly[[trimethyltin(IV)]-μ-2-methylbenzoato-κO:O']
Summary
This study reveals the polymeric structure of a novel tin(IV) compound, [Sn(CH(3))(3)(C(8)H(7)O(2))](n). The compound features zigzag chains with tin atoms bridged by toluene-2-carboxylate ligands.
Area of Science:
- Organometallic Chemistry
- Materials Science
- Crystallography
Background:
- Organotin compounds exhibit diverse structures and properties.
- Toluene-2-carboxylate ligands can coordinate to metal centers.
- Understanding polymeric structures is crucial for materials development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the polymeric structure of the tin(IV) compound [Sn(CH(3))(3)(C(8)H(7)O(2))](n).
- To characterize the coordination geometry around the tin(IV) center.
- To investigate intermolecular interactions influencing crystal packing.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
- The coordination environment of the tin(IV) atom was analyzed.
- Intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding, were identified.
Main Results:
- The compound forms one-dimensional zigzag polymeric chains.
- Tin(IV) atoms are coordinated by three methyl groups and two oxygen atoms from toluene-2-carboxylate ligands.
- A distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination geometry (SnC(3)O(2)) was observed, with oxygen atoms in axial positions.
- Weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds contribute to the stabilization of the crystal lattice.
Conclusions:
- The study successfully determined the polymeric structure of the novel tin(IV) toluene-2-carboxylate complex.
- The coordination geometry and packing interactions provide insights into the structural behavior of organotin carboxylates.
- This structural information can guide the design of new materials with tailored properties.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Properties of Organometallic Compounds
Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
01:10Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
01:14Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups
Ortho–para directors are substituent groups attached to the benzene ring and direct the addition of an electrophile to the positions ortho or para to the substituent. All electron-donating groups are considered ortho–para directors. They donate electrons to the ring and make the ring more electron-rich. The ring is therefore susceptible to the addition of electrophiles. Substituents such as amino, hydroxy, or alkoxy, containing lone pairs on the atom adjacent to the ring, donate electrons...
01:26Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride
Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
01:11ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –NH2, –OCH3
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
01:18Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...