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Related Concept Videos

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers02:28

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent groups, ethers can be classified into two...
Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides02:38

Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides

Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon atoms present in their ring system. Cyclic ethers with a three-membered ring system are called “oxirane”, four-membered ring systems as “oxetane”, five-membered ring systems as “oxolane”, and six-membered ring systems as “oxane”. The cyclic structure of these rings imposes angle strain, and this strain is more in the ring having a smaller number of...
Benzene to Phenol via Cumene: Hock Process01:27

Benzene to Phenol via Cumene: Hock Process

The synthesis of phenol from benzene via cumene and cumene hydroperoxide is called the Hock process. First, a Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of benzene with propene gives cumene. Then cumene forms cumene hydroperoxide via a radical chain reaction. In the chain initiation step, the benzylic hydrogen is abstracted to give a benzylic radical. In the chain propagation step, the benzylic radical reacts with an oxygen diradical to form a cumene hydroperoxide radical. The cumene hydroperoxide...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules01:29

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the contributions...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
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1-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phen-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-phen-yl)ethanone.

Zhu-Ping Xiao, Shou-Fu Yi, Gao-Yu Ou

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a deoxy-benzoin derivative (C14H12O4). Key findings include specific dihedral angles and the formation of a 2D network stabilized by hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π interactions.

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    Published on: October 30, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Organic Chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Molecular Structure

    Background:

    • Deoxy-benzoin derivatives are important organic compounds.
    • Understanding molecular geometry and intermolecular forces is crucial for materials science.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of a specific deoxy-benzoin derivative (C14H12O4).
    • To analyze the molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles was performed.
    • Identification and analysis of intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π contacts.

    Main Results:

    • The title compound, C14H12O4, exhibits a specific dihedral angle of 5.99(3)° between the carbonyl group and the catechol unit.
    • A dihedral angle of 60.26(13)° was observed between the two benzene rings.
    • The crystal structure is characterized by a two-dimensional network formed by intermolecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
    • Weak intermolecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π contacts were identified as additional stabilizing forces.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of the deoxy-benzoin derivative is well-defined with specific conformational preferences.
    • Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and C-H⋯π interactions play a significant role in stabilizing the crystal packing.
    • This structural information provides insights into the solid-state behavior of deoxy-benzoin derivatives.