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meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

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All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for the...
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Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
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Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is confirmed through isotopic...
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Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...

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Ya-Ling Liu1, Pei Zou, Min-Hao Xie

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzes the molecular structure of a specific chlorinated nitroaromatic compound. It details the dihedral angles of nitro and ester groups relative to the benzene ring and identifies weak intermolecular interactions in its crystal form.

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Understanding the molecular geometry and intermolecular forces of organic compounds is crucial for predicting their physical and chemical properties.
  • Chlorinated nitroaromatic compounds are important in various chemical applications, necessitating detailed structural analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the precise three-dimensional molecular structure of the title compound, C(8)H(5)ClN(2)O(6).
  • To investigate the spatial arrangement of functional groups (nitro and ester) relative to the aromatic core.
  • To identify and characterize intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles provided insights into the molecular conformation.
  • Intermolecular interactions, such as C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, were identified and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The molecule C(8)H(5)ClN(2)O(6) exhibits distinct dihedral angles for its two nitro groups (29.6° and 82.3°) and the ester group (13.7°) with respect to the benzene ring.
  • Weak C-H⋯O interactions were observed in the crystal structure, contributing to the overall lattice stability.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a detailed structural characterization of the title compound, highlighting the influence of substituents on the planarity of the aromatic system.
  • The identified weak C-H⋯O interactions offer insights into the crystal packing and intermolecular forces governing the solid-state behavior of this chlorinated nitroaromatic compound.