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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Phosphodiester Linkages01:01

Phosphodiester Linkages

Overview
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
Phosphodiester Bonds Link Nucleotides Together
DNA and RNA are polynucleotides or long chains of nucleotides that are linked together. A nucleotide is...
Phosphate Buffer01:22

Phosphate Buffer

The phosphate buffer system is a critical biological mechanism for maintaining pH stability in the body. This system operates primarily through two components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which acts as a weak acid, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), which serves as a weak base.
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate does not fully dissociate in neutral or acidic solutions. When a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is introduced into the solution, sodium dihydrogen phosphate...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
15:22

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

Published on: April 3, 2014

Tris(piperazinediium) phosphatododeca-molybo(V,VI)phosphate.

Yu-Kun Lu, Ji-Qing Xu, Hai-Hui Yu

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers synthesized a novel mixed-valent molybdenum compound, (H(2)pip)(3)[PMo(12)O(40)], using hydrothermal methods. This structure features a pseudo-Keggin anion and piperazinediium cations linked by hydrogen bonds.

    Area of Science:

    • Inorganic Chemistry
    • Crystal Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Keggin-type polyoxometalates are versatile anionic clusters with diverse applications.
    • Piperazine derivatives are organic cations with potential for forming supramolecular structures.
    • Hydrothermal synthesis offers controlled conditions for crystalline material preparation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize and characterize a novel mixed-valent molybdenum compound incorporating piperazine.
    • To investigate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of the title compound.
    • To explore the structural features of pseudo-Keggin anions with organic counterions.

    Main Methods:

    • Hydrothermal synthesis for crystal growth.
    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural determination.

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    Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
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    Published on: November 22, 2016

  • Analysis of hydrogen bonding networks (N-H⋯O, C-H⋯O).
  • Main Results:

    • Successful synthesis of (C(4)H(12)N(2))(3)[PMo(12)O(40)] or (H(2)pip)(3)[PMo(12)O(40)].
    • Determination of the crystal structure revealing a mixed-valent Mo(V,VI) pseudo-Keggin-type [PMo(12)O(40)](6-) anion and piperazinediium cations.
    • Identification of extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding networks stabilizing the crystal structure.
    • Observed disorder in the central PO(4) tetrahedron and bridging oxide groups.

    Conclusions:

    • The study presents a new mixed-valent Keggin-type polyoxometalate complex with piperazinediium cations.
    • The crystal structure highlights the role of hydrogen bonding in assembling inorganic-organic hybrid materials.
    • The observed disorder provides insights into the dynamic nature of polyoxometalate structures.