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Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines01:10

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Nomenclature of Primary Amines01:17

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
11:01

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

N-(2-Fluoro-phen-yl)cinnamamide.

Aamer Saeed, Rasheed Ahmad Khera, Jim Simpson

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a novel fluorinated organic compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds and weak interactions stabilize the crystal packing into a three-dimensional network.

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    Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
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    Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

    Published on: July 17, 2020

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    Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
    11:01

    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

    Published on: November 23, 2016

    Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
    07:12

    Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

    Published on: July 17, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Crystallization is a fundamental process in chemistry and materials science.
    • Understanding crystal structures provides insights into molecular interactions and material properties.
    • Fluorinated organic compounds exhibit unique chemical and physical characteristics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize and characterize a novel fluorinated organic compound.
    • To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of the title compound.
    • To investigate the packing arrangement and stability of the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Synthesis of the title compound via reaction of cinnamoyl chloride with 4-fluoro-aniline.
    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond angles, dihedral angles, and intermolecular interactions (hydrogen bonds, C-H···π, C-H···O).

    Main Results:

    • The compound C(15)H(12)FNO crystallizes with two unique molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit.
    • Molecules A and B show close structural similarity with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0819 Å.
    • Distinct dihedral angles were observed between the fluoro-benzene and phenyl rings, and between amide planes and fluoro-benzene rings.
    • The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C-H⋯π and C-H⋯O interactions, forming a 3D network.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully determined the crystal structure of the novel fluorinated compound.
    • The molecular conformation and crystal packing are influenced by the presence of fluorine and the amide group.
    • The observed intermolecular interactions are crucial for the stability and three-dimensional arrangement of the crystal lattice.