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Related Concept Videos

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Protection of Alcohols02:31

Protection of Alcohols

This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers02:28

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent groups, ethers can be classified into two...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species
08:12

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species

Published on: August 16, 2018

(3-Phenyl-isoxazol-5-yl)methanol.

Ling Yin, Gui-Long Zhao, Jiong Jia

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a C(10)H(9)NO(2) compound. Molecules are linked by hydrogen bonds into ribbons, with weak interactions further stabilizing the crystal packing.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Molecular Structure

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular interactions is crucial in materials science.
    • Isoxazole and phenyl ring systems are common motifs in organic compounds.
    • Crystal packing influences material properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound C(10)H(9)NO(2).
    • To analyze the intermolecular interactions governing crystal assembly.
    • To describe the spatial arrangement of molecules in the solid state.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
    • Analysis of dihedral angles between ring systems.
    • Identification and characterization of intermolecular interactions (hydrogen bonds, C-H...O, C-H...N).

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    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
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    Published on: August 16, 2018

    Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
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    Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

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    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
    04:38

    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

    Published on: July 28, 2022

    Main Results:

    • The dihedral angle between the isoxazole and phenyl rings is 25.82(3)°.
    • Intermolecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds form ribbons along the [001] direction.
    • Crystal packing is further stabilized by weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(10)H(9)NO(2) is characterized by specific ring orientations.
    • Hydrogen bonding plays a key role in the formation of one-dimensional molecular ribbons.
    • Van der Waals forces contribute to the overall stability of the crystal lattice.