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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
1-{4-[(1H-1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl)meth-yl]benz-yl}-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium perchlorate
Zhao-Jian Hu1, Xiu-Kai Guo, Huan Xu
1Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Technology, Jiangsu Polytechnic University, Changzhou 213164, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(12)H(13)N(6) (+)·ClO(4) (-), the cation, located about an inversion center, is monoprotonated, and one H atom is disordered over two sites on N atoms of the two triazole rings, each with an occupancy factor of 0.5. The perchlorate anion has C(2) symmetry, the Cl atom and one O atom lying on the twofold rotation axis; the anion is thus disordered over two sites of equal occupancy. In the cation, the triazole ring makes a dihedral angle of 84.75 (7)° with the plane of the benzene ring. In the crystal, inter-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonding between the triazole and triazolium rings links the cations into a wave-like supra-molecular chain. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding is also present.
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Alkyl Halides
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...

