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Related Concept Videos

Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test01:23

Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test

The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing sulfonyl...
Acidity of 1-Alkynes02:42

Acidity of 1-Alkynes


The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
Determining the pH of Salt Solutions04:08

Determining the pH of Salt Solutions

The pH of a salt solution is determined by its component anions and cations. Salts that contain pH-neutral anions and the hydronium ion-producing cations form a solution with a pH less than 7. For example, in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution, NO3− ions do not react with water whereas NH4+ ions produce the hydronium ions resulting in the acidic solution. In contrast, salts that contain pH-neutral cations and the hydroxide ion-producing anions form a solution with a pH greater than 7. For...
Structure of Amines01:19

Structure of Amines

The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are illustrated in Figure...
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...

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Sulfate Separation by Selective Crystallization with a Bis-iminoguanidinium Ligand
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Sulfate Separation by Selective Crystallization with a Bis-iminoguanidinium Ligand

Published on: September 8, 2016

Anilinium hydrogen sulfate.

Zina Boutobba1, Amani Direm, Nourredine Benali-Cherif

  • 1Laboratoire des Structures, Propriétés et Interactions Inter-Atomiques., Centre Universitaire Abbes Laghrour, Khenchela 40000, Algeria.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals the crystal structure of a compound, highlighting how its molecules form connections through hydrogen bonds. These interactions are crucial for understanding the material's properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Chemical Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding molecular interactions is key to predicting material properties.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in the structural organization of chemical compounds.
  • The specific compound C(6)H(8)N(+)·HSO(4) (-) was investigated for its structural characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the crystal structure of the title compound, C(6)H(8)N(+)·HSO(4) (-).
  • To identify and characterize the hydrogen bonding networks within the crystal lattice.
  • To elucidate the role of intermolecular forces in the compound's structure.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography was employed to analyze the crystal structure.
  • Analysis of the asymmetric unit to understand the arrangement of ions.
  • Identification of hydrogen bonds based on interatomic distances and angles.

Main Results:

  • The asymmetric unit contains two cations (C(6)H(8)N(+)) and two anions (HSO(4)(-)).
  • All hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to nitrogen atoms participate in N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between cations and anions.
  • Strong O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds were observed between anions, further stabilizing the structure.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure is stabilized by a combination of cation-anion and anion-anion hydrogen bonding.
  • The identified hydrogen bond networks provide insights into the compound's physical and chemical properties.
  • This structural information is fundamental for potential applications in materials science.