Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Alkynes02:39

Nomenclature of Alkynes

Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon triple bonds and have a general formula CnH2n-2. The nomenclature of alkynes follows a set of rules similar to alkanes and alkenes; however, alkynes bear the suffix "-yne" instead of "-ane" or "-ene." There are two approaches to naming alkynes:
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules01:29

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the contributions...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
Criteria for Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule01:20

Criteria for Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule

Like benzene, cyclobutadiene and cyclooctatetraene are cyclic compounds with alternate single and double bonds. However, their chemical behavior differs from benzene, as they are unstable and not aromatic. So, what are the structural characteristics of unsaturated compounds categorized as aromatic?
For the first time, Eric Hückel, a German chemical physicist, derived a set of structural features for a compound to be classified as aromatic. This is now known as Hückel’s rule or the 4n + 2 rule.
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prognostic impact of sarcopenia and its correlation with circulating miR-21 in colorectal cancer patients.

Oncology reports·2018
Same author

Diagnosis of lymphoepithelial carcinoma in parotid gland with three dimensional computed tomography angiography reconstruction: A case report.

Journal of X-ray science and technology·2018
Same author

Association between structural and functional brain alterations in drug-free patients with schizophrenia: a multimodal meta-analysis.

Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN·2018
Same author

Dental pulp stem cell-derived chondrogenic cells demonstrate differential cell motility in type I and type II collagen hydrogels.

The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society·2018
Same author

Neuronalinjury and roles of apoptosis and autophagy in a neonatal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia-induced periventricular leukomalacia.

Molecular medicine reports·2018
Same author

Functional brain abnormalities in major depressive disorder using the Hilbert-Huang transform.

Brain imaging and behavior·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes
12:07

Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes

Published on: April 1, 2013

2,6-Bis(prop-2-yn-yloxy)naphthalene.

Li Yao, Ruo-Jie Tao

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a C(16)H(12)O(2) compound, revealing a planar molecular structure. Molecules form a 3D framework through hydrogen bonds, impacting crystal packing.

    More Related Videos

    Wet Chemistry and Peptide Immobilization on Polytetrafluoroethylene for Improved Cell-adhesion
    06:15

    Wet Chemistry and Peptide Immobilization on Polytetrafluoroethylene for Improved Cell-adhesion

    Published on: August 15, 2016

    Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
    06:46

    Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

    Published on: June 21, 2017

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

    Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes
    12:07

    Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes

    Published on: April 1, 2013

    Wet Chemistry and Peptide Immobilization on Polytetrafluoroethylene for Improved Cell-adhesion
    06:15

    Wet Chemistry and Peptide Immobilization on Polytetrafluoroethylene for Improved Cell-adhesion

    Published on: August 15, 2016

    Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
    06:46

    Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

    Published on: June 21, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Solid-state chemistry
    • Supramolecular chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular arrangement in crystals is crucial for predicting material properties.
    • Hydrogen bonding plays a key role in the self-assembly of molecules in the solid state.
    • The specific compound C(16)H(12)O(2) was selected for structural investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the precise three-dimensional crystal structure of the title compound C(16)H(12)O(2).
    • To analyze the molecular geometry and confirm planarity of the non-hydrogen atoms.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonding, responsible for the crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to collect diffraction data.
    • The crystal structure was solved and refined using standard crystallographic software.
    • Analysis of the refined structure included bond lengths, bond angles, and deviations from planarity.

    Main Results:

    • The title compound, C(16)H(12)O(2), crystallizes with a half-molecule in the asymmetric unit, lying on an inversion center.
    • All non-hydrogen atoms exhibit near-planarity, with a mean deviation of 0.0536(11) Å from the least-squares plane.
    • Intermolecular interactions observed include C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π(arene) hydrogen bonds, forming a 3D framework.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(16)H(12)O(2) has been elucidated.
    • The molecule possesses a highly planar core structure.
    • The observed hydrogen bonding network dictates the formation of an extended three-dimensional supramolecular architecture.