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Related Concept Videos

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism02:37

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism

Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers.
Isomerism02:43

Isomerism

Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. Isomers can be further classified into constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. Constitutional isomers differ in the connectivity of their constituent atoms. For example, 2-butanol and diethyl ether are constitutional isomers, as they have the same chemical formula, C4H10O, but differ in the connectivity of the carbon and oxygen atoms. Constitutional isomers have different physical and chemical...
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes02:18

Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes

Organic compounds of the same molecular formula can have different structural formulas called constitutional isomers, and the phenomenon is known as constitutional isomerism. Alkanes with four or more carbons showing multiple structures with the same molecular formula thereby exhibit constitutional isomerism.
The linear isomer of an alkane is prefixed by the term “n”; hence a linear isomer of pentane is known as n-pentane. Based on the type of branching, some of the branched isomers are given...
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...

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Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
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3-(4-Methoxy-phen-yl)isochroman-1-one.

Muhammad Tahir Hussain, M Nawaz Tahir, Ahmad Adnan

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the molecular structure of a C16H14O3 compound, revealing specific orientations and conformations of its aromatic and heterocyclic rings. Intermolecular C-H⋯π interactions were identified within the crystal lattice.

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    Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes
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    Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes

    Published on: September 12, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Organic Chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Molecular Structure

    Background:

    • Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.
    • Crystal structure analysis provides precise details on molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the precise molecular geometry and conformation of the title compound, C16H14O3.
    • To identify and characterize intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice of the compound.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles, and non-covalent interactions was performed.

    Main Results:

    • The molecule exhibits a significant dihedral angle of 72.02(6)° between its aromatic rings.
    • The heterocyclic ring was found to adopt a twisted conformation.
    • Distinct C-H⋯π interactions were observed between the heterocyclic and phenyl rings, as well as the methyl and methoxy-phenyl groups.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C16H14O3 is characterized by specific aromatic ring orientation and a twisted heterocyclic conformation.
    • C-H⋯π interactions play a role in stabilizing the crystal packing of this compound.