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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

Ammonium ytterbium(III) diphosphate(V).

Karla Fejfarová, Rachid Essehli, Brahim El Bali

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    The ammonium ytterbium diphosphate, NH(4)YbP(2)O(7), features a 3D network of ytterbium oxide octahedra and diphosphate units. Ammonium cations reside in channels, linked by hydrogen bonds to the diphosphate groups.

    Area of Science:

    • Inorganic Chemistry
    • Crystal Chemistry
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Understanding the structural characteristics of diphosphate compounds is crucial for developing novel materials.
    • Ytterbium-based compounds are of interest due to their unique optical and magnetic properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the crystal structure of ammonium ytterbium diphosphate, NH(4)YbP(2)O(7).
    • To investigate the structural features, including coordination polyhedra, diphosphate units, and cation locations.
    • To analyze the hydrogen bonding interactions within the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to elucidate the crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and coordination environments was performed.

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  • Identification of hydrogen bonding networks through crystallographic data.

    • Main Results:

    • NH(4)YbP(2)O(7) crystallizes in the KAlP(2)O(7) structure type.
    • The structure comprises distorted YbO(6) octahedra and bent P(2)O(7)(4-) diphosphate units forming a 3D framework.
    • Channels along the c-axis accommodate NH(4)(+) cations, which are hydrogen-bonded to diphosphate oxygen atoms.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of NH(4)YbP(2)O(7) has been successfully determined.
    • The compound exhibits a robust three-dimensional network structure with accessible channels for cations.
    • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in stabilizing the crystal structure and cation positioning.