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Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Alkynes02:39

Nomenclature of Alkynes

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Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon triple bonds and have a general formula CnH2n-2. The nomenclature of alkynes follows a set of rules similar to alkanes and alkenes; however, alkynes bear the suffix "-yne" instead of "-ane" or "-ene." There are two approaches to naming alkynes:
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[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction01:16

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

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The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
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Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene01:14

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene

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Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion to form a 1,2-dihalide or a vicinal dihalide.
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Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Bridged Bicyclic Products: Stereochemistry01:29

Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Bridged Bicyclic Products: Stereochemistry

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Diels–Alder reactions between cyclic dienes locked in an s-cis configuration and dienophiles yield bridged bicyclic products.
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Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

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Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is...
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Acidity of 1-Alkynes02:42

Acidity of 1-Alkynes

10.9K

The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
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Biphenyl-2,2'-diyl diacetate.

Chen-Hui Hu1, Jing Chen, Ji-Cai Quan

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study details the molecular structure of a 2,2'-biphenol derivative, C(16)H(14)O(4). Researchers determined the specific orientation of its benzene rings, finding a dihedral angle of approximately 58 degrees.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Molecular Structure Analysis

Background:

  • 2,2'-Biphenol derivatives are important in various chemical applications.
  • Understanding the three-dimensional structure of organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.
  • The specific conformation of biphenyl compounds can significantly influence their physical and chemical behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the precise crystal structure and molecular conformation of a novel 2,2'-biphenol derivative, C(16)H(14)O(4).
  • To quantify the dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings in the title compound.
  • To provide foundational structural data for this class of organic molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • The crystallographic data was analyzed to identify bond lengths, bond angles, and torsional angles.
  • The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings was precisely calculated from the diffraction data.

Main Results:

  • The title compound, C(16)H(14)O(4), was successfully synthesized and characterized.
  • The crystal structure revealed a distinct molecular conformation.
  • The benzene rings were found to be oriented at a dihedral angle of 58.32(3)°.

Conclusions:

  • The determined dihedral angle provides critical insight into the conformational preferences of this 2,2'-biphenol derivative.
  • This structural information is valuable for computational modeling and understanding structure-activity relationships.
  • The findings contribute to the broader knowledge base of biphenyl compound stereochemistry.