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Related Concept Videos

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
Organic Compounds03:02

Organic Compounds

All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview01:15

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic acid derivatives are formed by replacing the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids with a different functional group. The most common carboxylic acid derivatives are:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
14:18

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Published on: May 27, 2014

2-Methyl-2-(4-nitro-phen-oxy)propanoic acid.

Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez, Hector Torres-Gómez, Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study explores a novel compound

    Area of Science:

    • Medicinal Chemistry
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Crystallography

    Background:

    • Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
    • Developing effective anti-dyslipidemic agents is crucial for public health.
    • Novel chemical entities are continuously investigated for therapeutic potential.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize and characterize a new compound with potential anti-dyslipidemic activity.
    • To investigate the molecular structure and intermolecular interactions of the synthesized compound.
    • To lay the groundwork for further pharmacological evaluation.

    Main Methods:

    • Chemical synthesis involving reaction of 4-nitro-phenol with ethyl 2-bromo-2-methyl-propionate.
    • Ethyl ester hydrolysis to yield the target compound.

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    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
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    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

    Published on: November 23, 2016

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    A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
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    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
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    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

    Published on: November 23, 2016

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction to determine molecular and crystal structure.

    • Main Results:

    • The title compound, C(10)H(11)NO(5), was successfully synthesized.
    • Crystal structure analysis revealed centrosymmetric dimers linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
    • Weak C-H⋯O interactions and offset π-π stacking further stabilized the crystal lattice.

    Conclusions:

    • The synthesized compound C(10)H(11)NO(5) presents a potential scaffold for anti-dyslipidemic drug development.
    • Understanding its crystal packing provides insights into solid-state properties.
    • Further in vivo and in vitro studies are warranted to confirm its therapeutic efficacy.