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Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview01:32

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview

Cyanohydrins are compounds that contain –CN and –OH groups on the same carbon atom. They are formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ions to the carbonyl group. Cyanide ions are highly basic and nucleophilic and can be generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. However, since HCN is a weak acid, the number of cyanide ions generated is very small. Hence, a small amount of base or KCN/NaCN is added to HCN to increase the concentration of the cyanide ions in the reaction mixture.
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism01:10

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism

Cyanohydrins are formed when cyanide nucleophiles and carbonyl compounds like aldehydes and ketones react. A strong base, the cyanide ion, catalyzes cyanohydrin formation. The ions are generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. Once the cyanide ions are generated, the first step involves the nucleophilic attack of the cyanide ions on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. This attack shifts the π electrons from the C=O to the oxygen atom forming the alkoxide ion intermediate. The alkoxide anion...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
08:43

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

N'-[1-(4-Methoxy-phen-yl)ethyl-idene]acetohydrazide.

Yu-Feng Li1, Fang-Fang Jian

  • 1Microscale Science Institute, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study details the synthesis of a novel organic compound, C(11)H(14)N(2)O(2). The crystal structure reveals molecules forming dimers through hydrogen bonding, indicating specific intermolecular interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Molecular Structure

Background:

  • Understanding the synthesis and structural properties of organic compounds is crucial in chemistry.
  • Intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding, significantly influence crystal packing and material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a new organic compound with the chemical formula C(11)H(14)N(2)O(2).
  • To elucidate the molecular and crystal structure of the synthesized compound.
  • To investigate the intermolecular interactions present in the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical synthesis involving the reaction of acetohydrazide and 1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)ethanone.
  • X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the crystal structure.
  • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of the title compound C(11)H(14)N(2)O(2).
  • Molecular geometry analysis confirmed normal bond lengths and angles.
  • Crystal structure analysis revealed the formation of centrosymmetric dimers via intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized compound C(11)H(14)N(2)O(2) possesses a stable molecular structure.
  • Intermolecular hydrogen bonding plays a key role in the self-assembly of these molecules in the solid state.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in organic crystals.