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Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...

Preparation of Amides

Preparation of Amides

Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...

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Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

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N-(2-Formamido-eth-yl)formamide.

Jin-Hui Yang, Yan-Xue Chen, Shao-Hui Wang

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|May 18, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals the crystal structure of a compound (C4H8N2O2), highlighting its 2D network formation via hydrogen bonds. These bonds create a specific repeating pattern, demonstrating molecular self-assembly in the solid state.

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Area of Science:

Crystallography
Materials Science
Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

Understanding molecular interactions is crucial for designing new materials.
Hydrogen bonding plays a key role in the self-assembly of molecules in the solid state.
Crystal structure analysis provides insights into intermolecular forces.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the crystal structure of the title compound C4H8N2O2.
To investigate the role of hydrogen bonding in the molecular arrangement.
To characterize the resulting supramolecular network.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the molecular and crystal structure.
The formation of hydrogen bonds and their geometric parameters were examined.
The supramolecular architecture was described using graph-set notation.

Main Results:

The title compound C4H8N2O2 crystallizes with a centrosymmetric molecular structure.
N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link molecules into a two-dimensional infinite network parallel to the (010) plane.
The hydrogen bonding arrangement forms a characteristic R(4)(4)(22) graph-set motif.

Conclusions:

The crystal structure of C4H8N2O2 is characterized by a 2D network driven by hydrogen bonding.
The observed R(4)(4)(22) motif highlights specific molecular recognition and self-assembly.
This study contributes to the understanding of supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering.