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Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

3.6K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
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Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

22.0K
Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
22.0K
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

5.3K
Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
5.3K
Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers02:28

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

14.5K
Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent...
14.5K
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

2.9K
Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
2.9K
Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

6.0K
Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules...
6.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
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1-(4,5-Dinitro-10-aza-tricyclo-[6.3.1.0]dodeca-2,4,6-trien-10-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone.

Hao Xu1, Ji-Cai Quan, Jian Xu

  • 1College of Science, Nanjing University of Technolgy, Xinmofan Road No.5, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of a novel andrographolide derivative. Molecular analysis reveals specific ring conformations and hydrogen bonding interactions influencing its structure.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Andrographolide derivatives are explored for potential therapeutic applications.
  • Understanding the structure-activity relationship is crucial for drug development.
  • Crystallographic studies provide precise molecular information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the three-dimensional molecular structure of a specific andrographolide derivative.
  • To identify and characterize intra- and inter-molecular interactions.
  • To provide foundational data for further pharmacological investigations.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
  • Analysis of bond lengths, angles, and conformations was performed.
  • Hydrogen bonding networks were identified and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The five-membered ring of the compound adopts an envelope conformation.
  • The non-planar six-membered ring exhibits a chair conformation.
  • An intramolecular C-H⋯F hydrogen bond stabilizes a twisted conformation in one ring, while intermolecular C-H⋯O bonds form dimers.

Conclusions:

  • The determined crystal structure provides detailed insights into the molecular geometry of the andrographolide derivative.
  • Specific hydrogen bonding interactions play a significant role in the compound's solid-state structure.
  • This structural data is valuable for understanding the chemical properties and potential biological activity of related compounds.