Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes
08:23

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes

Published on: March 2, 2020

3-Fluoro-N-(3-fluoro-benzo-yl)-N-(2-pyrid-yl)benzamide

John F Gallagher, Katie Donnelly, Alan J Lough

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives08:43

    Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

    Published on: January 19, 2016

    Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB)08:33

    Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB)

    Published on: June 28, 2011

    Related Concept Videos

    Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

    Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

    Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
    Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition01:11

    Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

    Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is confirmed through isotopic...
    Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

    Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

    Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
    Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

    Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

    Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
    In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...
    Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

    Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

    Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
    Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...