Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026

05:07
Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
Published on: June 23, 2019
3,5-Dichloro-6-methyl-pyridin-2-amine.
Summary
This study details the crystal structure of a novel compound, C(6)H(6)Cl(2)N(2). It reveals specific hydrogen bonding interactions that lead to the formation of unique molecular arrangements and crystal packing in solid-state chemistry.
Area of Science:
- Crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry.
- Solid-state chemistry and molecular structure analysis.
Background:
- Understanding intermolecular forces is crucial for designing materials with specific properties.
- Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in the self-assembly of molecules in crystals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the crystal structure of the compound C(6)H(6)Cl(2)N(2).
- To investigate the types and roles of intra- and inter-molecular interactions in its solid-state arrangement.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
- Analysis of non-covalent interactions, including hydrogen bonds (N-H⋯Cl, C-H⋯Cl, N-H⋯N), was performed.
Main Results:
- Intra-molecular hydrogen bonds (N-H⋯Cl, C-H⋯Cl) form five-membered rings (S(5) motifs).
- Inter-molecular hydrogen bonds (N-H⋯N) create dimeric units with R(2)(2)(8) ring motifs.
- These dimers are further linked by N-H⋯Cl interactions, leading to columnar packing in the crystal.
Conclusions:
- The crystal structure is governed by a combination of intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding.
- Specific hydrogen bonding patterns dictate the formation of dimers and their subsequent arrangement into columns.
- This detailed structural analysis provides insights into the principles of crystal engineering for this class of compounds.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines
The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines
Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
Nomenclature of Primary Amines
Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship
Adrenergic agonists' structure-activity relationship (SAR) determines their selectivity and efficacy. These agonists comprise a phenylethylamine moiety with an aromatic ring and an ethylamine side chain.
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of the aromatic...
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of the aromatic...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview
In the presence of an aqueous base and a halogen, primary amides can lose the carbonyl (as carbon dioxide) and undergo rearrangement to form primary amines. This reaction, called the Hofmann rearrangement, can produce primary amines (aryl and alkyl) in high yields without contamination by secondary and tertiary amines.

