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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Application and Methodology of the Non-destructive 19F Time-domain NMR Technique to Measure the Content in Fluorine-containing Drug Products

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Norfloxacin sesquihydrate.

Nittala V Ravindra, Gopal M Panpalia, A R P Sarma Jagarlapudi

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|May 18, 2011

Summary

The crystal structure of a fluoroquinolone antibiotic reveals N-H···O and O-H···O hydrogen bonds. These bonds form a two-dimensional layered sheet, showcasing the molecular assembly of this important pharmaceutical compound.

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Materials Science
Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are crucial in treating bacterial infections.
Understanding the crystal structure of pharmaceuticals is vital for drug development and stability.
The title compound is a derivative of fluoroquinolone antibiotics.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-4-yl)-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylate sesquihydrate.
To identify the intermolecular interactions governing the crystal packing.
To characterize the role of water molecules in the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
Hydrogen bonding networks were analyzed using crystallographic data.

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Disorder in the water molecules was modeled and refined.

Main Results:

The crystal structure was determined for C(16)H(18)FN(3)O(3)·1.42H(2)O.
N-H···O and O-H···O hydrogen bonds were identified as the primary intermolecular forces.
A two-dimensional layered corrugated sheet structure parallel to the b axis was observed.
Disordered water molecules with distinct occupancies (0.741 and 0.259) were present in the crystal lattice.

Conclusions:

The hydrogen bonding interactions dictate the formation of a stable two-dimensional layered structure.
The observed crystal packing provides insights into the solid-state properties of the fluoroquinolone derivative.
Understanding the hydration and structural features is essential for optimizing pharmaceutical formulations.