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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
Benzyl-tributyl-ammonium 7-hydroxy-naphthalene-1-sulfonate
Yohei Sato1, Kazuya Uta, Jin Mizuguchi
1Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, 240-8501 Yokohama, Japan.
This study details a charge-control agent for electrophotography toners. Its crystal structure reveals anions forming zigzag chains via hydrogen bonds, with disordered cation chains.
Area of Science:
- Crystallography and materials science, focusing on organic compounds.
Background:
- Electrophotography utilizes toners, where charge-control agents are crucial for performance.
- Understanding the molecular structure of these agents informs toner formulation and efficiency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the crystal structure of a specific charge-control agent, C(19)H(34)N(+)·C(10)H(7)O(4)S(-).
- To investigate the intermolecular interactions and structural features relevant to its function in electrophotography.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the compound's three-dimensional structure.
- Analysis of hydrogen bonding and cation/anion arrangements within the crystal lattice.
Main Results:
- The crystal structure reveals one-dimensional chains formed by anions linked via O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds in a zigzag pattern along the c axis.
- The cation exhibits conformational flexibility, with one n-butyl chain disordered over two crystallographic sites in a 0.77:0.23 ratio.
Conclusions:
- The observed hydrogen bonding network in the anion chains likely influences the material's charge-transport properties.
- Structural insights into cation disorder and anion chain formation provide a basis for optimizing charge-control agents for electrophotography applications.
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