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Related Concept Videos

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Nitrosation of Enols01:19

Nitrosation of Enols

The nitrosation reaction is one of the methods of preparing 1,2-diketones. The enol tautomer of the starting ketone reacts with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid, generating the 1,2-diketone after hydrolysis.
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.

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2-(4-Nitro-phen-yl)-1,3-dithiane.

Hoong-Kun Fun, Reza Kia, Annada C Maity

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a nitro compound, C(10)H(11)NO(2)S(2). The nitro group is nearly coplanar with the benzene ring, and the dithiane ring adopts a chair conformation.

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    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

    Published on: July 30, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Molecular Structure

    Background:

    • Understanding the precise arrangement of atoms in organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.
    • Nitroaromatic compounds and dithiane derivatives are important classes of organic molecules with diverse applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the detailed three-dimensional crystal structure of the title compound, C(10)H(11)NO(2)S(2).
    • To investigate the spatial relationship between the nitro group and the benzene ring.
    • To determine the conformation of the 1,3-dithiane ring and identify intermolecular interactions.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles, and intermolecular interactions.

    Main Results:

    • The nitro group is observed to be nearly coplanar with the benzene ring, with a small dihedral angle of 3.42(8)°.
    • The 1,3-dithiane ring adopts a stable chair conformation.
    • The crystal lattice is stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding (C-H⋯O) and pi-stacking (C-H⋯π) interactions, with a C⋯Cg distance of 3.4972(10) Å.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure provides precise geometric information about the nitroaromatic and dithiane moieties.
    • The observed planarity and conformation are important for understanding the electronic properties and potential reactivity of the compound.
    • Intermolecular interactions play a significant role in the overall crystal packing and stability.