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Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Multi-photon Intracellular Sodium Imaging Combined with UV-mediated Focal Uncaging of Glutamate in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
10:29

Multi-photon Intracellular Sodium Imaging Combined with UV-mediated Focal Uncaging of Glutamate in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons

Published on: October 8, 2014

Gabapentinium picrate.

Hongqi Li, H S Yathirajan, L Mallesha

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers synthesized a novel compound from picric acid and gabapentin. Crystal analysis revealed stabilizing hydrogen bonds, indicating potential for new material applications.

    Area of Science:

    • Chemical synthesis and crystallography.
    • Organic chemistry and material science.

    Background:

    • Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant medication.
    • Picric acid is a strong acid and explosive compound.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize and characterize a new salt compound formed between gabapentin and picric acid.
    • To investigate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of the synthesized compound.

    Main Methods:

    • Chemical synthesis of the title compound by reacting gabapentin with picric acid.
    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the crystal structure.
    • Analysis of hydrogen bonding and crystal packing.

    Main Results:

    • The title compound, [1-(carboxy-methyl)cyclohexyl]methanaminium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate, was successfully synthesized.

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    GABA-activated Single-channel and Tonic Currents in Rat Brain Slices
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    GABA-activated Single-channel and Tonic Currents in Rat Brain Slices

    Published on: July 17, 2011

  • Crystal structure analysis revealed intra-molecular hydrogen bonds (N-H⋯O=N and N-H⋯O-Ph) and an O-H⋯O interaction.
  • The crystal packing is stabilized by these observed hydrogen bonding networks.

    • Conclusions:

    • The synthesis of the gabapentin-picric acid salt was achieved.
    • The crystal structure provides insights into the stabilizing intermolecular forces.
    • This study contributes to understanding the solid-state chemistry of pharmaceutical compounds with picric acid.