Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is confirmed through isotopic...

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic S_N1

Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Proficient pyrimidine-based heterocyclic chemistry in medicine: advances in synthesis, biological, and SAR studies: a review.

RSC advances·2026

Same author

Integrated synthesis and computational assessment of sulfanilamide-triazolo-oxadiazole triads as effective ALP and amylase inhibitors.

In silico pharmacology·2026

Same author

The potential of bee products in clinical trials focused on the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy used for cancer treatment.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer·2026

Same author

Synthesis, characterization, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in silico</i> studies of novel lophine clubbed acylthioureas.

RSC advances·2026

Same author

Terminal acceptor engineering for reduced energy dissipation and enhanced charge transport in benzodithiophene-core based donor molecules: a computational route to efficient organic solar cells.

Nanoscale advances·2026

Same author

Chiral Dinucleating Salan-Type Phosphine Ligands for Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations with α-Cyano Ketones.

Organic letters·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

2-Fluoro-N-(4-methoxy-phen-yl)benzamide.

Aamer Saeed, Rasheed Ahmad Khera, Madiah Arfan

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|May 18, 2011

Summary

This study details the molecular structure of a novel fluorinated organic compound. Crystal analysis reveals specific ring inclinations and intermolecular hydrogen bonds influencing its solid-state arrangement.

More Related Videos

Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB)

Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[¹⁸F]fluorobenzoate ([¹⁸F]SFB)

Published on: June 28, 2011

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes

Published on: March 2, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB)

Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[¹⁸F]fluorobenzoate ([¹⁸F]SFB)

Published on: June 28, 2011

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes

Published on: March 2, 2020

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Organic Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Understanding the three-dimensional structure of organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and applications.
Fluorinated organic compounds exhibit unique electronic and physical characteristics, making them valuable in various fields.
Crystal structure analysis provides detailed insights into molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(14)H(12)FNO(2).
To analyze the spatial arrangement of the fluoro-benzene and methoxy-benzene rings relative to the amide group.
To investigate the intermolecular interactions governing the crystal packing.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles provided conformational details.
Identification and analysis of intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces.

Main Results:

The fluoro-benzene and methoxy-benzene rings are inclined at specific angles (27.06(7)° and 23.86(7)°) to the amide moiety.
The methoxy substituent is nearly coplanar with the methoxy-benzene ring.
Intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds form chains, while C-H⋯O and C-H⋯F interactions contribute to sheet formation in the crystal lattice.

Conclusions:

The determined crystal structure provides a fundamental understanding of this fluorinated organic compound.
The specific arrangement of functional groups and intermolecular forces dictates the compound's solid-state architecture.
This structural information can guide the design of related compounds with tailored properties.