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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Minerals01:26

Minerals

Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.

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Spark Plasma Sintering Apparatus Used for the Formation of Strontium Titanate Bicrystals
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Inter-calated brucite-type layered cobalt(II) hydroxy-sulfate.

Bunlawee Yotnoi, Sanchai Luachan, Timothy J Prior

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    New cobalt sulfate frameworks were synthesized using a bicyclic amine template. The resulting crystal structure features brucite-like layers with intercalated cobalt ions, suggesting partial oxidation of cobalt(II) to cobalt(III).

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    Area of Science:

    • Inorganic Chemistry
    • Crystal Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Exploration of novel cobalt sulfate framework structures is crucial for developing new materials.
    • The use of organic templates, such as 1,4-diaza-bicyclo-[2.2.2]octane, can influence the formation of coordination polymers.
    • Understanding the structural motifs of cobalt hydroxides and sulfates is key to designing functional materials.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize new cobalt(II) sulfate framework structures using 1,4-diaza-bicyclo-[2.2.2]octane as a template.
    • To characterize the crystal structure of the resulting cobalt sulfate compounds.
    • To investigate the potential for cobalt oxidation within the synthesized framework.

    Main Methods:

    • Crystallization of cobalt(II) sulfate in the presence of 1,4-diaza-bicyclo-[2.2.2]octane.
    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural determination.
    • Analysis of the crystal structure to identify coordination environments and framework composition.

    Main Results:

    • Crystals of poly[0.35-[hexa-aqua-cobalt(II)] [tri-μ-hydroxido-μ-sulfato-dicobalt(II)]], {[Co(H(2)O)(6)](0.35)[Co(2)(OH)(3)(SO(4))]}(n), were obtained as a mixture with [Co(H(2)O)(6)]SO(4).
    • The crystal structure consists of discrete brucite-type [Co(4)(OH)(6)(SO(4))(2)] layers.
    • Partial intercalation of [Co(H(2)O)(6)](2+) ions within the layers was observed, with approximately 30% of these cations absent, indicating partial oxidation of cobalt(II) to cobalt(III).

    Conclusions:

    • The synthesis yielded a novel cobalt sulfate framework with brucite-like layers.
    • The structure accommodates intercalated cobalt ions, and partial oxidation of cobalt(II) to cobalt(III) occurs within the framework.
    • This finding opens avenues for exploring cobalt oxidation states in layered coordination materials.