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Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation01:11

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction00:59

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction

The benzylic position describes the position of a carbon atom attached directly to a benzene ring. Benzene by itself does not undergo oxidation. In contrast, the benzylic carbon is quite reactive in the presence of strong oxidizing agents such as KMnO4 or H2CrO4. Therefore, alkylbenzenes are readily oxidized to benzoic acid, irrespective of the type of alkyl groups.
Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation02:35

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation

Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides, HX (X = Cl, Br or I) to alkenes forms alkyl halides as per Markovnikov's rule, where the hydrogen gets added to the less substituted carbon of the double bond. Hydrohalogenation of alkynes takes place in a similar manner, with the first addition of HX forming a vinyl halide and the second giving a geminal dihalide.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.

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Related Experiment Video

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Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
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Bis(2,4,6-trimethyl-phen-yl)zinc(II).

Sven Krieck1, Helmar Görls, Matthias Westerhausen

  • 1Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of organozinc compound Mes(2)Zn, revealing a linear zinc(II) center and coplanar aromatic rings. The mesityl groups exhibit unique structural features, including disordered methyl substituents.

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Organozinc compounds are vital in synthetic chemistry.
  • Understanding the solid-state structures of organozinc compounds informs reactivity.
  • Mesityl groups offer steric bulk and electronic influence in organometallic complexes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of di(mesityl)zinc (Mes(2)Zn).
  • To characterize the coordination environment and bonding of the zinc(II) center.
  • To investigate the structural implications of the bulky mesityl ligands.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed.
  • The crystal structure was solved and refined.
  • Bond lengths, angles, and symmetry elements were determined.

Main Results:

  • Di(mesityl)zinc crystallizes with a quarter molecule in the asymmetric unit.
  • The zinc(II) atom exhibits a strictly linear coordination geometry (Zn-C bond length: 1.951(5) Å).
  • The mesityl aromatic rings are forced into a coplanar arrangement due to imposed symmetry, with one methyl group showing positional disorder.

Conclusions:

  • The linear geometry around zinc(II) in Mes(2)Zn is a key structural feature.
  • The imposed symmetry dictates the coplanarity of the aromatic rings.
  • The observed disorder in the methyl groups highlights the dynamic nature of sterically hindered ligands in the solid state.