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Related Concept Videos

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...

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A Study of the Complexation of Mercury(II) with Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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A Study of the Complexation of Mercury(II) with Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: January 8, 2016

Hexaaqua-cadmium(II) dipicrate monohydrate.

S Natarajan, K Moovendaran, S A Martin Britto Dhas

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a cadmium(II) picrate complex. Cadmium ions are octahedrally coordinated by water molecules, with picrate anions and hydrogen bonds influencing the overall structure.

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    Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
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    Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

    Published on: December 29, 2016

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    Published on: January 8, 2016

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    Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
    10:42

    Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

    Published on: December 29, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Inorganic Chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Coordination Chemistry

    Background:

    • Picrate compounds are known for their energetic properties and complexation behavior.
    • Cadmium(II) ions readily form coordination complexes with various ligands, including water.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the cadmium(II) picrate complex, [Cd(H2O)6](C6H2N3O7)2·H2O.
    • To investigate the coordination geometry around the cadmium ion and the interactions within the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and intermolecular interactions (hydrogen bonding) was performed.

    Main Results:

    • The cadmium(II) ion is octahedrally coordinated by six water molecules, situated on an inversion center.
    • Picrate anions are not coordinated to the cadmium ion, and their nitro groups exhibit significant twisting from the benzene ring (dihedral angles ranging from 13.65° to 27.94°).
    • Extensive intermolecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds were observed, linking coordinated and uncoordinated water molecules and stabilizing the crystal structure.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure reveals a discrete coordination complex with non-coordinating picrate counterions.
    • The hydrogen bonding network plays a crucial role in the overall crystal packing and stability of the cadmium(II) picrate hydrate.