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Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview01:15

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic acid derivatives are formed by replacing the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids with a different functional group. The most common carboxylic acid derivatives are:
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:28

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
Nomenclature of Primary Amines01:17

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
11:01

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

N'-{2-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenyl}acetamide.

Kartini Ahmad1, Noel F Thomas, Mohd Fadzli Din

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals the near-planar structure of phenyl-ene rings in a C(17)H(17)NO(2) compound. Hydrogen bonding between acetamido groups forms helical chains along the b axis.

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Published on: June 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography and Molecular Structure
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular interactions is crucial for designing new materials.
  • Crystal engineering relies on predicting and controlling intermolecular forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of the title compound C(17)H(17)NO(2).
  • To investigate the role of hydrogen bonding in directing supramolecular assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was performed.
  • Dihedral angles and hydrogen bond distances were measured.

Main Results:

  • The phenyl-ene rings exhibit near-planarity with a dihedral angle of 7.3(1)°.
  • An N-H⋯O hydrogen bond links adjacent acetamido groups, forming a helical chain along the b axis.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal packing is dominated by intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
  • This hydrogen bonding pattern results in the formation of one-dimensional helical supramolecular chains.