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EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...

Masking and Demasking Agents

Masking and Demasking Agents

EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on the metal...

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO₂ Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...

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Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles

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Published on: October 16, 2017

Ethyl-enediammonium dichloride.

Milad Gabro¹, Roger A Lalancette, Ivan Bernal

¹Carl A. Olson Memorial Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|May 18, 2011

Summary

This study details the crystal structure of ethylenediammonium dichloride, revealing a symmetrical cation. Hydrogen bonds between the cation and chloride ions stabilize the overall crystal structure.

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Inorganic Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Ionic compounds are crucial in various chemical applications.
Understanding crystal structures provides insights into material properties.
Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in stabilizing crystal lattices.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of the ionic compound C(2)H(10)N(2)·2Cl(-).
To investigate the hydrogen bonding interactions within the crystal lattice.
To understand the factors contributing to the stabilization of the crystal structure.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the crystal structure.
Analysis of the crystallographic data revealed the arrangement of ions and symmetry elements.

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Hydrogen bonding networks were identified and characterized.

Main Results:

The ionic compound C(2)H(10)N(2)·2Cl(-) crystallizes with a center of symmetry in the cation.
Each ammonium end of the ethylenediammonium cation forms trigonal hydrogen bonds with three chloride counter-ions.
Each chloride ion is trigonally hydrogen bonded to three ethylenediammonium cations.

Conclusions:

The extensive hydrogen bonding network is the primary factor stabilizing the crystal structure.
The symmetrical nature of the cation influences the packing and bonding within the crystal.
This study provides a detailed understanding of the structural characteristics of ethylenediammonium dichloride.